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1.
Nefrología (Madrid) ; 40(6): 623-633, nov.-dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197198

RESUMO

La ecografía es una herramienta esencial en el manejo del paciente nefrológico que permite el diagnóstico, el seguimiento y la realización de intervencionismo sobre el riñón. La utilidad de los ultrasonidos en Nefrología no se circunscribe exclusivamente al estudio ecográfico del riñón. Mediante ecografía el nefrólogo puede, además, optimizar el manejo de la fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis, medir el riesgo cardiovascular (grosor íntima-media), implantar catéteres centrales para hemodiálisis ecoguiados y ayudar en la colocación de los peritoneales, así como calcular la volemia del paciente mediante ecografía cardiaca básica, ecografía de la vena cava inferior y pulmonar. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo en Nefrología Diagnóstica e Intervencionista (GNDI) de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN) hemos elaborado este documento de consenso en el que se resumen las principales aplicaciones de la ecografía en Nefrología, incluyendo los requisitos técnicos básicos necesarios, el marco normativo y el nivel de capacitación de los nefrólogos en esta materia. El objetivo de este trabajo es promover la inclusión de la ecografía, tanto diagnóstica como intervencionista, en la práctica clínica habitual del nefrólogo y en la cartera de servicios de Nefrología con la finalidad de ofrecer un manejo diligente, eficiente e integral al paciente nefrológico


Ultrasound is an essential tool in the management of the nephrological patient allowing the diagnosis, monitoring and performance of kidney intervention. However, the usefulness of ultrasound in the hands of the nephrologist is not limited exclusively to the ultrasound study of the kidney. By ultrasound, the nephrologist can also optimize the management of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis, measure cardiovascular risk (mean intimate thickness), implant central catheters for ultrasound-guided HD, as well as the patient's volemia using basic cardiac ultrasound, ultrasound of the cava inferior vein and lungs. From the Working Group on Interventional Nephrology (GNDI) of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) we have prepared this consensus document that summarizes the main applications of ultrasound to Nephrology, including the necessary basic technical requirements, the framework normative and the level of training of nephrologists in this area. The objective of this work is to promote the inclusion of ultrasound, both diagnostic and interventional, in the usual clinical practice of the nephrologist and in the Nephrology Services portfolio with the final objective of offering diligent, efficient and comprehensive management to the nephrological patient


Assuntos
Humanos , Nefrologia/educação , Ultrassonografia/normas , Nefropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Sociedades Médicas , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Espanha
2.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 40(6): 623-633, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32773327

RESUMO

Ultrasound is an essential tool in the management of the nephrological patient allowing the diagnosis, monitoring and performance of kidney intervention. However, the usefulness of ultrasound in the hands of the nephrologist is not limited exclusively to the ultrasound study of the kidney. By ultrasound, the nephrologist can also optimize the management of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis, measure cardiovascular risk (mean intimate thickness), implant central catheters for ultrasound-guided HD, as well as the patient's volemia using basic cardiac ultrasound, ultrasound of the cava inferior vein and lungs. From the Working Group on Interventional Nephrology (GNDI) of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) we have prepared this consensus document that summarizes the main applications of ultrasound to Nephrology, including the necessary basic technical requirements, the framework normative and the level of training of nephrologists in this area. The objective of this work is to promote the inclusion of ultrasound, both diagnostic and interventional, in the usual clinical practice of the nephrologist and in the Nephrology Services portfolio with the final objective of offering diligent, efficient and comprehensive management to the nephrological patient.


Assuntos
Consenso , Nefrologia/educação , Ultrassom/educação , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Comitês Consultivos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/educação , Cateterismo/métodos , Competência Clínica , Ecocardiografia , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Nefrologia/instrumentação , Diálise Renal/métodos , Espanha , Ultrassom/instrumentação
5.
Enferm. nefrol ; 16(4): 235-240, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121714

RESUMO

Uno de los mayores problemas que presentan los catéteres venosos centrales tunelizados para hemodiálisis son las infecciones, por su gravedad y los elevados costes que generan. Por ello, es importante su prevención, ya que, además, el número de catéteres ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años. Objetivos: Realizamos este estudio en nuestra unidad para analizar: • Eficacia de unos conectores con sistema cerrado (TEGO(R)) en la prevención de bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter. • Incidencia de Staphylococcus aureus y gérmenes causantes más frecuentes. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, comparativo y transversal durante 800 días, que dividimos en dos periodos iguales. En los primeros 400 se aplicó el protocolo de la unidad a 24 pacientes y en los 400 días siguientes se aplicó el mismo protocolo más los conectores anteriormente citados a 25. En ambos periodos, 19 fueron los mismos pacientes. Resultados: En el primer periodo se contabilizaron 4 infecciones en 7062 días de catéter y en el segundo 2 infecciones en 8622 días de catéter. Índice de bacteriemia en ambos periodos: 0,56/1000 y 0,23/1000 respectivamente. Ninguna infección se produjo por Staphylococcus aureus, siendo el germen más frecuente Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo. Conclusión: Nuestra conclusión es que los conectores fueron eficaces en la prevención de las bacteriemias ya que redujeron notablemente nuestros, ya bajos, índices de las mismas (AU)


One of the greatest problems presented by tunnelled central venous catheters for haemodialysis is infections, on account of their seriousness and the high costs they generate. Prevention is therefore important because, in addition, the number of catheters has increased considerably in recent years. Objectives: We carried out this study in our unit to analyse: • Efficacy of closed-system connectors (TEGO®) in the prevention of catheter-related bacteraemia. • Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and most frequent infection-causing germs. Material and method: A transversal retrospective comparative study was carried out over 800 days, which we divided into two equal periods. In the first 400 days, the unit protocol was applied to 24 patients and in the next 400 days the same protocol was applied plus the above-mentioned connectors to 25 patients. In both periods, 19 of the patients were the same. Results: In the first period, 4 infections were counted in 7062 catheter days and in the second period, 2 infections in 8622 catheter days. Bacteraemia index in each period: 0.56/1000 and 0.23/1000 respectively. No Staphylococcus aureus infection occurred, the most frequent germ being Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus . Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the connectors were effective in preventing bacteraemia as they notably reduced our already low indices (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bacteriemia/enfermagem , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Cateteres de Demora/tendências , Cateteres de Demora , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/enfermagem , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , 28599 , Cateteres Venosos Centrais
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